Day 20

Advent of Code: Worked Solutions

Setup

# Libraries
library(tidyverse)
library(unglue)

# Read input from file
input <- read_lines("../input/day20.txt", skip_empty_rows = FALSE)

Part 1

Convert text input into a nested list of modules:

df <- input |> 
  unglue_data("{prefix=(%|&)?}{name} -> {destinations}") |> 
  mutate(destinations = str_split(destinations, ",\\s*"))

sources <- df |> 
  unnest_longer(destinations) |> 
  summarize(sources = list(name), .by = destinations)

blank_add <- sources |> 
  anti_join(df, join_by(x$destinations == y$name)) |> 
  transmute(name = destinations, prefix = '')

modules <- df |> 
  left_join(sources, join_by(x$name == y$destinations)) |> 
  add_row(name = "button", prefix = '', destinations = list("broadcaster")) |> 
  bind_rows(blank_add) |> 
  mutate(
    state = case_when(prefix == '%' ~ FALSE),
    memories = case_when(
      prefix == '&' ~ map(sources, ~ set_names(rep(FALSE, length(.x)), .x))
    ),
    n_lo = 0,
    n_hi = 0
  ) |> 
  transmute(
    name,
    value = pmap(lst(prefix, destinations, state, memories, n_lo, n_hi), lst)
  ) |> 
  deframe()

Define a function that modifies a set of modules when the button is pushed:

push_button <- function(modules) {
  queue <- list(list(source = "button", target = "broadcaster", pulse = FALSE))
  modules$button$n_lo <- modules$button$n_lo + 1
  
  while (length(queue) > 0) {
    signal <- queue[[1]]
    queue  <- queue[-1]
    module <- modules[[signal$target]]
    output <- NULL
    
    if (signal$target == "broadcaster") {
      output <- signal$pulse
    } else if (module$prefix == '%' & signal$pulse == FALSE) {
      modules[[signal$target]]$state <- !module$state
      output <- !module$state
    } else if (module$prefix == '&') {
      modules[[signal$target]]$memories[[signal$source]] <- signal$pulse
      output <- !all(modules[[signal$target]]$memories == TRUE)
    }
    
    if (!is.null(output)) {
      queue_add <- module$destinations |> 
        map(~ list(source = signal$target, target = .x, pulse = output))
      queue <- c(queue, queue_add)
      
      n <- length(module$destinations)
      
      if (output == TRUE)
        modules[[signal$target]]$n_hi <- modules[[signal$target]]$n_hi + n
      else
        modules[[signal$target]]$n_lo <- modules[[signal$target]]$n_lo + n 
    }
  }
  
  modules
}

Define a function that sums the total low vs high buttons sent at a given state of the modules:

count_pulses <- function(modules) {
  c(
    lo = sum(map_int(modules, ~ .x$n_lo)),
    hi = sum(map_int(modules, ~ .x$n_hi))
  )
}

Run on puzzle input:

output <- modules

for (i in 1:1000) {
  output <- push_button(output)
}

count_pulses(output) |> 
  prod()

Part 2

Examining the input, tj sends a low pulse to rx if its last memories (kk, xc, sk, vt) are all high pulses. For each of those memories, we just check when it first sends a high pulse to compute its cycle length, then take the LCM:

pushes_until_sent <- function(modules, name, pulse = c("hi", "lo")) {
  pulse <- c("n_", pulse)
  i <- 0
  
  while (pluck(modules, name, "n_hi") == 0) {
    modules <- push_button(modules)
    i <- i + 1
  }
  
  return(i)
}

c("kk", "xc", "sk", "vt") |> 
  map_dbl(~ pushes_until_sent(modules, .x, "hi")) |> 
  numbers::mLCM() |> 
  format(scientific = FALSE)